This book discusses Tyrš´s body of work on art theory, aesthetics, and criticism in a comprehensive way, placing his ideas in the context of contemporary thought and analysing the main terms he uses. In certain respects, Tyrš´s views remain in alignment with traditional views on the development of art history and have now been superseded. Nevertheless, Tyrš´s contributions represent a unique attempt to provide a consistent understanding of the arts within the social context, demonstrating his effort to go beyond a merely positivist approach. Additionally, Tyrš continually seeks to connect the humanities with the natural sciences, especially with biology and evolutionary theory. A comprehensive portrait of Tyrš´s many essays and other writings, when considered together with his multifaceted public engagement, shows his exceptional social commitment and dedication to democratic and peaceful principles.